{"id":5798,"date":"2023-08-24T22:46:57","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T03:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/?post_type=article&p=5798"},"modified":"2025-05-09T12:02:44","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T17:02:44","slug":"expresando-numeros-fracciones-y-decimales-sp","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/staging.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/expresando-numeros-fracciones-y-decimales-sp\/","title":{"rendered":"Expresando N\u00fameros, Fracciones y Decimales"},"content":{"rendered":"

En la vida cotidiana, estamos limitados a un rango de n\u00fameros que generalmente abarca el rango de 1 a varios miles. Rara vez calculamos con n\u00fameros muy grandes y a\u00fan m\u00e1s raramente con fracciones o decimales extremadamente peque\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

El cuerpo es un recipiente de disolventes, principalmente agua, en el que se encuentran presentes diversas sustancias (solutos) en cantidades o concentraciones diluidas a extremadamente diluidas. La siguiente tabla ilustra la dimensi\u00f3n y la terminolog\u00eda com\u00fanmente utilizadas para expresar las mediciones en la medicina cl\u00ednica.<\/p>\n

Tabla 1: Medidas y notaciones comunes en medicina cl\u00ednica<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nombre<\/strong><\/td>\nFracci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\nDecimal<\/strong><\/td>\nAbreviaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peso<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gram<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kilogramo<\/td>\n1000<\/td>\n1 x 103<\/sup><\/td>\nkg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Miligramo<\/td>\n1\/1000<\/td>\n1 x 10-3<\/sup><\/td>\nmg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Microgramo<\/td>\n1\/1,000,000<\/td>\n1 x 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\nmg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nanogramo<\/td>\n1\/1,000,000,000<\/td>\n1 x 10-9<\/sup><\/td>\nng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Picogramo<\/td>\n1\/1,000,000,000,000<\/td>\n1 x 10-12<\/sup><\/td>\npg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Volumen<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Litro<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\nl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Decilitro<\/td>\n1\/100<\/td>\n1 x 10-2<\/sup><\/td>\ndL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mililitro<\/td>\n1\/1000<\/td>\n1 x 10-3<\/sup><\/td>\nmL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Microlitro<\/td>\n1\/1,000,000<\/td>\n1 x 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\nmL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nanolitro<\/td>\n1\/1,000,000,000<\/td>\n1 x 10-9<\/sup><\/td>\nnL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Picolitro<\/td>\n1\/1,000,000,000,000<\/td>\n1 x 10-12<\/sup><\/td>\npL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Femtolitro<\/td>\n1\/1,000,000,000,000,000<\/td>\n1 x 10-15<\/sup><\/td>\nfL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molaridad<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mole<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\nM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Milimol<\/td>\n1\/1000<\/td>\n1 x 10-3<\/sup><\/td>\nmmol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Micromol<\/td>\n1\/1,000,000<\/td>\n1 x 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\nmmol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nanomol<\/td>\n1\/1,000,000,000<\/td>\n1 x 10-9<\/sup><\/td>\nnmol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Picomol<\/td>\n1\/1,000,000,000,000<\/td>\n1 x 10-12<\/sup><\/td>\npmol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Se debe prestar la debida atenci\u00f3n a las convenciones matem\u00e1ticas al calcular y expresar masa, volumen y concentraci\u00f3n con n\u00fameros tan peque\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

En general, se utiliza la unidad apropiada m\u00e1s grande. No expresar\u00edamos una masa como 1340 000 ng, sino como 1,34 mg o 1340 mg. Un volumen de 1800 mL se expresa mejor como 1.8 L si al mismo tiempo expresamos una concentraci\u00f3n en unidades por litro. Una concentraci\u00f3n de 0,0000001 mol \/ L se expresa mejor como 10 \u00b5mol \/ L, etc.<\/p>\n

Al realizar c\u00e1lculos, es imperativo asegurarse siempre de que se utilicen las mismas unidades para cada elemento de una ecuaci\u00f3n. La adherencia a la notaci\u00f3n matem\u00e1tica (por ejemplo, 10-3<\/sup>, 104<\/sup>, 10-7<\/sup>) reduce la posibilidad de error. Un ejemplo cl\u00e1sico de un error debido al uso de unidades mixtas se encuentra en el c\u00e1lculo incorrecto del aclaramiento de creatinina que se muestra a continuaci\u00f3n. En este caso, la creatinina plasm\u00e1tica se expresa como mg\/dL, la creatinina urinaria como mg \/ L y el volumen urinario como litros. El c\u00e1lculo correcto tambi\u00e9n se muestra a continuaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

(1) C\u00e1lculo incorrecto<\/h4>\n

Aclaramiento de creatinina = [Orinacreatinina<\/sub> x Volumen orina]\/[Plasmacreatinina<\/sub> x tiempo]\n

Orinacreatinina<\/sub> = 2300 mg\/L; Volumen de orina = 2L; Plasmacreatinina<\/sub> = 1,2 mg\/dL<\/p>\n

UV\/Pt = [2300 x 2] \/ [1,2 x 1440 min] = 2,7 ml\/min<\/p>\n

Aqu\u00ed, 2300 mg \/ L y 1,2 mg\/dL no se convirtieron en mg\/mL.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00e1lculo correcto<\/h4>\n

UV\/Pt = [2,3 mg \/ ml x 2000 ml] \/ [0,12 mg \/ ml x 1440 min] = 27 ml \/ min<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\/N 101817-01S Rev B 02\/2023<\/p>\n

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